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我想知道要用C语言去写一个简单的操作系统需要掌握哪些知识，我现在是有一本C语言编程的入学教程，自己
推荐两本书：
《30天自制操作系统》
《一个操作系统的实现》
网上都有电子版下载。
C语言编写一个简单的航空管理系统
需要分析：
A.车寻航线：
1.根据旅客提出的起点站，终点站名输出下列信息：航班号，票价，折扣，最多载客量，是否满载，起飞时间，降落时间和飞行时间；
2.根据订票乘客的姓名可以查询所订航班的航班号，座位号，飞行日期等信息；
3.根据航班号查询航班的起点站，中转站，终点站名，票价，折扣，最多载客量，是否满载，起飞时间，降落时间和飞行时间；
B.承办客户提出的要求（航班号、订票数额）查询该航班票额情况，若有余票，则为客户办理订票手续，输出座位号，需付款项信息；若已满员或余票额少于盯票额，则需重新询问客户要求。若需要，可登记排队候补；
C.根据客户提供的情况（日期、航班），为客户办理退票手续。（然后查询该航班是否有人排队候补，首先询问排第一的客户，若所退票额所能满足他的要求，则为他办理订票手续，否则依次询问其他排队候补客户）；
E.内部人员对航班情况的控制：
可以录入航班信息，删除航班信息，修改航班信息，查看基本航班信息。
概要设计：
因为每个客户名单或查询名单都包括多个数据域，这样就需要有一个能存储多个数据域的数据类型来存储，因此采用单链表类型。由于航线的信息是固定的，可选用结构体数组，又因为订票与预约人数无法预计，可选用链表存储信息。
线性表的单链表存储结构：typedef struct LNode{
ElemType;
Struct Lnode*next;}LNode,*LinkList;
a.抽象数据类型顺序表的定义如下：
ADT SqList{
数据对象：D={ai|ai∈数据类型，i=1,2,3...,n}
数据关系：R1={|ai-1,ai∈D,i=1,2,3...,n}
基本操作：
InitList_Sq(&L)
操作结果：创建空的顺序表。
CreatList_Sq(&L)
操作结果：建立顺序表。
}ADT SqList
b.抽象数据类型单链表的定义如下：
ADT LinkList{
数据对象：D={ai|ai∈结构类型，i=1,2,3...,n,n>0}
数据关系：R1={|ai-1,ai∈D,i=1,2,3...,n}
基本操作：
InitList_L(&L)
操作结果：创建空的顺序表。
}ADT LinkList
在main()里调用各个函数
2．主程序
void main(){
初始化；
do{
接受命令；
处理命令；
}while(“命令”！=“退出”)；
}
3．程序的模块调用：
三．详细设计：
1．所有数据类型：
struct plan /*航班数据*/
{
char num[5];/*航班号码*/
char city[10];/*到达城市*/
char up[8];/*航班起飞时间*/
char down[8];/*航班到达时间*/
int pric ;/*航班价格*/
int rshu ;/*人数*/
int zheg[4];/*价格折扣*/
}
;
struct man/*定票人数据*/
{
char num[10];/*身份证号码*/
char nam[10];/*姓名*/
int demand ;/*定票数量*/
}
;
typedef struct node/*航班数据结点*/
{
struct plan data ;
struct node*next ;
}
Node,*Link ;
typedef struct people/*乘客数据结点*/
{
struct man data ;
struct people*next ;
}
peo,*LIN ;
2．程序所用函数：
void print()/*界面输出*/
{
printf("============================System of book ticket===============================\n");
printf("\n");
printf("\t***********************************************************\n");
printf("\t*\t1---Bookticket \t2---Dishonorbill *\n");
printf("\t*\t3---Adding flight\t4---Adding flight *\n");
printf("\t*\t5---Modify \t6---Advice *\n");
printf("\t*\t7---Save \t8---exit *\n");
printf("\t##########################################################\n");
}
添加航班模块
void add(Link l)/*添加航班数据*/
{
Node*p,*r,*s ;
char num[10];
r=l ;
s=l->next ;
while(r->next!=NULL)
r=r->next ;
while(1)
{
printf("please input the number of the plan(0-return)");/*输入0就返回*/
scanf("%s",num);
if(strcmp(num,"0")==0)
break ;
while(s)
{
if(strcmp(s->data.num,num)==0)
{
printf("=====tip:the number'%s'has been born!\n",num);
return ;
}
s=s->next ;
}
p=(Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));/*航班数据输入*/
strcpy(p->data.num,num);
printf("Input the city where the plan will reach:");/*飞机到达地城市*/
scanf("%s",p->data.city);
getchar();
printf("Input the time which the plan take off:");/*起飞时间*/
scanf("%s",p->data.up);
getchar();
printf("Input the time which the plan reach:");/*降落时间*/
scanf("%s",&p->data.down);
getchar();
printf("Input the price of ticket:$");/*机票价格*/
scanf("%d",&p->data.pric);
getchar();
printf("Input the number of people who have booked ticket:");/*定票数量*/
scanf("%d",&p->data.rshu);
getchar();
printf("Input the agio of the ticket:");
scanf("%s",&p->data.zheg);
getchar();
p->next=NULL ;
r->next=p ;
r=p ;
shoudsave=1 ;
}
}
输出模块
void pri(Node*p)/*输出函数*/
{
printf("\n\t\t\tThe following is the record you want:\n");
printf("\nnumber of plan: %s",p->data.num);
printf("\ncity the plan will reach: %s",p->data.city);
printf("\nthe time the plan take off: %s\nthe time the plan reach: %s",p->data.up,p->data.down);
printf("\nthe price of the ticket: %d",p->data.pric);
printf("\nthe number of people who have booked ticket: %d",p->data.rshu);
printf("\nthe agio of the ticket:%s",p->data.zheg);
}
退出函数模块
Node*Locate1(Link l,char findmess[],char numorcity[])
{
Node*r ;
if(strcmp(numorcity,"num")==0)
{
r=l->next ;
while(r)
{
if(strcmp(r->data.num,findmess)==0)
return r ;
r=r->next ;
}
}
else if(strcmp(numorcity,"city")==0)
{
r=l->next ;
while(r)
{
if(strcmp(r->data.city,findmess)==0)
return r ;
r=r->next ;
}
}
return 0 ;
}
航班信息模块
void qur(Link l)/*航班信息查询*/
{
Node*p ;
int sel ;
char str1[5],str2[10];
if(!l->next)
{
printf("TIP:there are not any record to be inquired for you!");
return ;
}
printf("Choose the way:(1->according to the number of plan;2->according to the city):");/*选择航班号查询和终点城市查询*/
scanf("%d",&sel);
if(sel==1)
{
printf("Input the the number of plan:");
scanf("%s",str1);
p=Locate1(l,str1,"num");
if(p)
{
printf("the following is what you want:\n");
pri(p);
}
else
{
mark1=1 ;
printf("\nthe file can't be found!");
}
}
else if(sel==2)
{
printf("Input the city:");
scanf("%s",str2);
p=Locate1(l,str2,"city");
if(p)
{
printf("the following is what you want:\n");
pri(p);
}
else
{
mark1=1 ;
printf("\nthe file can't be found!");
}
}
}
定票模块
void buy(Link l,LIN k)/*定票函数*/
{
Node*r[10],*p ;
int ch,dem ;
peo*v,*h ;
int i=0,t=0 ;
char str[10],str1[10],str2[10];
v=k ;
while(v->next!=NULL)
v=v->next ;
printf("Input the city you want to go: ");/*航班终点站城市*/
scanf("%s",&str);
p=l->next ;
while(p!=NULL)
{
if(strcmp(p->data.city,str)==0)
{
r[i]=p ;
i++;
}
p=p->next ;
}
printf("\n\nthe number of record have %d\n",i);
for(t=0;t<i;t++)
pri(r[t]);
if(i==0)
printf("\n\tSorry!Can't find the plan for you!\n");
else
{
printf("\ndo you want to book it?\n");
printf("please choose: ");
scanf("%d",&ch);
if(ch==1)
{
h=(peo*)malloc(sizeof(peo));/*重新分配空间*/
printf("Input your name: ");
scanf("%s",&str1);
strcpy(h->data.nam,str1);
printf("Input your id: ");
scanf("%s",&str2);
strcpy(h->data.num,str2);
printf("Input your demand: ");
scanf("%d",&dem);
h->data.demand=dem ;
h->next=NULL ;
v->next=h ;
v=h ;
printf("\n\tLucky!Success in booking ticket!");
getch();
shoudsave=1 ;
}
}
}
peo*Locate2(LIN k,char findmess[])
{
peo*r ;
r=k->next ;
while(r)
{
if(strcmp(r->data.num,findmess)==0)
{
mark=1 ;
return r ;
}
r=r->next ;
}
return 0 ;
}
退票模块
void tui(LIN k)/*退票函数*/
{
char str[10];
peo*p,*r ;
int ch2=0 ;
printf("Input your id: ");/*输入身份证号*/
scanf("%s",&str);
p=Locate2(k,str);
if(mark!=1)
printf("can't find the people!");
else if(mark==1)
{
mark=0 ;
printf("\t\t\tthe following is the record you want:\n");
printf("your id:%s\n",p->data.num);
printf("name:%s\n",p->data.nam);
printf("your denmand:%d",p->data.demand);
printf("\ndo you want to refund the ticket?");
scanf("%d",&ch2);
if(ch2==1)
{
if(p)
{
r=k ;
while(r->next!=p)
r=r->next ;
r->next=p->next ;
free(p);
}
count2--;
printf("\nyou have sucessed in refunding ticket!");
shoudsave=1 ;
}
}
}
void Modify(Link l)/*修改航班信息*/
{
Node*p ;
char findmess[20],ch ;
if(!l->next)
{
printf("\n=====tip:there isn't record for you to modify!\n");
return ;
}
else
{
qur(l);
if(mark1==0)
{
printf("\nDo you want to modify it?\n");
getchar();
scanf("%c",&ch);
if(ch=='y');
{
printf("\nInput the number of the plan:");
scanf("%s",findmess);
p=Locate1(l,findmess,"num");
if(p)
{
printf("Input another number of plan:");
scanf("%s",&p->data.num);
getchar();
printf("Input another city the plan will reach:");
scanf("%s",&p->data.city);
getchar();
printf("Input another time the plan take off");
scanf("%s",&p->data.up);
printf("Input another time the plan reach:");
scanf("%s",&p->data.down);
printf("Input another price of the ticket::");
scanf("%d",&p->data.pric);
printf("Input another number of people who have booked ticket:");
scanf("%d",&p->data.rshu);
printf("Input another agio of the ticket:");
scanf("%s",&p->data.zheg);
printf("\n=====>tip:modifying record is sucessful!\n");
shoudsave=1 ;
}
else
printf("\tcan't find the flight!");
}
}
else
mark1=0 ;
}
}
void advice(Link l)/*终点站航班查询*/
{
Node*r ;
char str[10];
int mar=0 ;
r=l->next ;
printf("Iuput the city you want to go: ");/*输入终点站城市*/
scanf("%s",str);
while(r)
{
if(strcmp(r->data.city,str)==0&&r->data.rshu<200)
{
mar=1 ;
printf("\nyou can select the following plan!\n");
printf("\n\nplease select the fourth operation to book the ticket!\n");
pri(r);
}
r=r->next ;
}
if(mar==0)
printf("\n\t\t\tyou can't book any ticket now!\n");
}
void save1(Link l)/*保存数据*/
{
FILE*fp ;
Node*p ;
int count=0,flag=1 ;
fp=fopen("g:\\data1","wb");
if(fp==NULL)
{
printf("the file can't be opened!");
return ;
}
p=l->next ;
while(p)
{
if(fwrite(p,sizeof(Node),1,fp)==1)
{
p=p->next ;
count++;
}
else
{
flag=0 ;
break ;
}
}
if(flag)
{
printf("the number of the record which have been saved is %d\n",count);
shoudsave=0 ;
}
fclose(fp);
}
void save2(LIN k) /*保存数据*/
{
FILE*fp ;
peo*p ;
int count=0,flag=1 ;
fp=fopen("g:\\data2","wb");/*文件连接*/
if(fp==NULL)
{
printf("the file can't be opened!");
return ;
}
p=k->next ;
while(p)
{
if(fwrite(p,sizeof(peo),1,fp)==1)
{
p=p->next ;
count++;
}
else
{
flag=0 ;
break ;
}
}
if(flag)
{
printf("the number of the record which have been saved is %d\n",count);
shoudsave=0 ;
}
fclose(fp);
}
四．主函数模块：
main()
{
FILE*fp1,*fp2 ;
Node*p,*r ;
char ch1,ch2 ;
Link l ;
LIN k ;
peo*t,*h ;
int sel ;
l=(Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
l->next=NULL ;
r=l ;
k=(peo*)malloc(sizeof(peo));
k->next=NULL ;
h=k ;
fp1=fopen("g:\\data1","ab+");
if((fp1==NULL))
{
printf("can't open the file!");
return 0 ;
}
while(!feof(fp1))
{
p=(Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
if(fread(p,sizeof(Node),1,fp1)==1)
{
p->next=NULL ;
r->next=p ;
r=p ;
count1++;
}
}
fclose(fp1);
fp2=fopen("g:\\data2","ab+");
if((fp2==NULL))
{
printf("can't open the file!");
return 0 ;
}
while(!feof(fp2))
{
t=(peo*)malloc(sizeof(peo));
if(fread(t,sizeof(peo),1,fp2)==1)
{
t->next=NULL ;
h->next=t ;
h=t ;
count2++;
}
}
fclose(fp2);
while(1)
{
getch();
clrscr();
print();
printf("please choose the operation(1-8): ");
scanf("%d",&sel);
if(sel==8)
{
if(shoudsave==1)
{
getchar();
printf("\n=====tip:the file have been changed!do you want to save it(y/n)?\n");
scanf("%c",&ch1);
if(ch1=='y'||ch1=='Y')
{
save2(k);
save1(l);
}
}
printf("\n\tyou have exited! Happy serve for you");
break ;
}
switch(sel)
{
case 1 :
buy(l,k);
break ;
case 2 :
tui(k);
break ;
case 3 :
qur(l);
break ;
case 4 :
add(l);
break ;
case 5 :
Modify(l);
break ;
case 6 :
advice(l);
break ;
case 7 :
{
save1(l);
save2(k);
break ;
}
case 8 :
exit(0);
}
}
getch();
}